Sabzehparvar M., “ In-Flight Thrust Measurements of Propeller-Driven Airplanes,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 42, No. 6, 2005, pp. 1543–1547. and Verstraete D., “ Development of an In-Flight Thrust Measurement System for UAVs,” 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA Paper 2017-5092, July 2017. D., Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft, AIAA, Reston, VA, 2003, Chaps. 5–16. S., “ Performance Testing of Aero-Naut CAM Folding Propellers,” AIAA AVIATION 2020 Forum, AIAA Paper 2020-2762, June 2020. S., “ Reynolds Number Effects on the Performance of Small-Scale Propellers,” 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA Paper 2014-2151, June 2014. S., “ Propeller Performance Data at Low Reynolds Numbers,” 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, AIAA Paper 2011-1255, Jan. 2011. The paper describes application of these methods to a small unmanned aircraft, but the methods are generalizable to many propeller-driven aircraft. An assessment of model adequacy using flight maneuvers withheld from model identification indicates that the models have good prediction capability. Propulsion explanatory variables derived from propeller aerodynamics theory combined with traditional aircraft modeling variables yield accurate aero-propulsive modeling results and provide propeller performance estimates, which are compared to isolated propeller wind tunnel data. Orthogonal phase-optimized multisine inputs are applied to both the control surfaces and propulsion system to generate data with high-quality information content for model identification. Two novel flight test system identification approaches are presented to develop flight dynamics models with improved characterization of propeller aerodynamics compared to conventional methods. Propulsion aerodynamics and airframe aerodynamics for propeller aircraft are usually modeled separately, which fails to describe unavoidable interaction effects and propeller performance deviations when integrated on an aircraft. This paper describes methods to identify an integrated propulsion–airframe aerodynamic model and a decoupled propulsion model for fixed-wing aircraft with propellers using flight data.
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